一种异形结构传爆药起爆威力实验研究

旨在研究一种新型高能传爆药装药结构,根据冲击波汇聚技术、拐角效应理论和有效装药理论等,设计了一种异形结构传爆药。利用主装药轴向钢凹法对多点同步起爆网络起爆的该异形结构传爆药柱起爆威力进行了实验研究。对实验数据进行对比分析,结果表明在达到相同起爆效果的情况下,利用多点同步起爆网络起爆的该异形结构传爆药柱相对于普通圆柱形传爆药柱的用药量有较大幅度的降低。研究成果对解决钝感弹药的起爆问题具有重大的现实意义。     

整车行驶可靠性与室内道路模拟试验技术方法研究

军用整车的行驶可靠性一般通过道路试验或试验场试验进行考核,道路试验虽能有效反映行驶的实际工况,但存在试验周期长、试验条件无法控制及保密无法保证的问题。试验场试验可有效进行行驶可靠性考核,但军用整车试验场建设成本非常高。道路模拟试验技术是一种先进的实验室模拟路面振动的整车试验技术,本文以某军用整车为试验对象,对其进行外场路面道路行驶试验,采集外场行驶试验时整车关键部位的振动、应变响应信号,对响应信号进行数据裁剪以获得该车的路谱数据。利用路谱数据再在室内道路模拟系统对该样车进行激励,结果表明道路模拟试验可很好复现整车行驶试验时损伤效果,可有效考核样车行驶可靠性要求,缩短试验周期。     

基于AHP的模糊法在面粉厂安全评价中的应用

随着经济的发展,面粉厂规模也逐渐扩大.近几年面粉厂发生爆炸的事故时有发生,对面粉厂进行安全评价,建立相应的预防措施显得非常必要.面粉厂安全性评价是综合运用安全系统工程的方法对系统的安全性进行度量和预测.本文确定了面粉厂安全性评价的指标体系,提出了应用AHP模糊法评价面粉厂安全性的方法和步骤,以及面粉厂安全性的等级划分,并应用AHP模糊法对面粉厂进行了实际评价.根据评价结果和存在的问题提出了一些可行的对策措施.评价结果对于面粉厂的安全生产有一定的指导作用.     

折板波形流人工填料污水处理方法的实验研究

污水的土地处理是不同于活性污泥法的一种新型且高效的处理方法,利用土壤-微生物-植物系统的作用实现污水的无害化和资源化[1],该实验模拟了土地处理系统,研究了在固定化微生物的吸附分解作用下、在投加海绵铁填料和在不同的水力负荷(分别是5 cm/d、8 cm/d、12 cm/d)情况下,折板波形流反应器对生活污水的处理效果....     

微生物絮凝剂应用现状

微生物絮凝剂是一类由微生物产生的天然生物高分子物质。文章综述了微生物絮凝剂的发展及其特性,介绍了其分类、絮凝机理及其影响因素,并对其应用特别是在水处理技术方面的应用进行了简要概述。     

柴油机选择性催化还原捕集技术(SDPF)的研究现状与发展趋势

日益严格的柴油机排放法规使得其主要排放污染物氮氧化物（NO_x）和颗粒物（PM）限值进一步降低.目前去除NO_x的主要机外手段是选择性催化还原（SCR）技术,该技术通常在200℃以上才有良好的NO_x转化率,而在柴油机冷起动阶段,SCR入口的排气温度无法达到200℃,NO_x排放控制困难.尽管冷起动时间较短,但该阶段的NO_x排放量占比很高.在严格的排放法规要求下,冷起动阶段的NO_x排放控制日益受到关注.选择性催化还原捕集技术（SDPF）将SCR催化剂涂覆在壁流式颗粒捕集器（DPF）载体上,能够同时去除NO_x和PM.与SCR技术相比,SDPF更加靠近柴油机排气门,NO_x催化还原反应的温度得到有效提高.因此,SDPF成为了提高低温NO_x转化率的关键技术.本文从SDPF结构与原理、载体与催化剂、性能及影响因素、SDPF技术路线等四个方面展开综述.SDPF结构与原理方面,介绍了SDPF的基本结构和化学反应原理,并指出了该技术面临的主要挑战;SDPF载体与催化剂方面,阐述了常见的载体材料、SCR催化剂涂覆、载体结构参数设计和提高载体性能的膜技术,以及钒基、沸石基SCR催化剂的研究进展;SDPF性能及影响因素方面,对SDPF的碳烟氧化性能、NO_x还原性能、尿素混合性能和耐久性能进行了分析,需要重点优化碳烟氧化与NO_x还原之间的竞争性反应;SDPF技术路线方面,介绍了带有SDPF的后处理系统优化,尿素双喷技术、低温NO_x吸附、热管理等技术耦合SDPF能够进一步拓宽后处理系统的温度窗口,是满足未来超低排放法规的后处理技术发展趋势.     

超临界流体技术制备超细近球形CL-20的研究

为克服超细炸药加工过程中容易团聚的缺点,并提高产品使用安全性,本文采用超临界气体抗溶剂(简称GAS)技术对六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(简称CL-20)超细化结晶和晶形控制进行研究,分析了系统温度、溶液初始浓度、压力及升压速率对CL-20粒径和形貌的影响。用光学显微镜对超临界技术处理前后的粒径和晶形进行了观察,发现经过处理后的粒径变小、晶形趋于球形。对处理前样品与处理后产品进行性能测试,结果表明处理后产品的撞击感度明显降低。     

Introduced Species and Management of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nothofagus/Austrocedrus</Emphasis> Forest

Isla Victoria (Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentina), a large island dominated by native Nothofagus and Austrocedrus forest, has old plantations of many introduced tree species, some of which are famed invaders of native ecosystems elsewhere. There are also large populations of introduced deer and shrubs that may interact in a complex way with the introduced trees, as well as a recently arrived population of wild boar. Long-standing concern that the introduced trees will invade and transform native forest may be unwarranted, as there is little evidence of progressive invasion, even close to the plantations, despite over 50 years of opportunity. Introduced and native shrubs allow scattered introduced trees to achieve substantial size in abandoned pastures, but in almost all areas neither the trees nor the shrubs appear to be spreading beyond these sites. These shrub communities may be stable rather than successional, but the technology for restoring them to native forest is uncertain and probably currently impractical. Any attempt to remove the exotic tree seedlings and saplings from native forest would probably create the very conditions that would favor colonization by exotic plants rather than native trees, while simply clear-cutting the plantations would be unlikely to lead to regeneration of Nothofagus or Austrocedrus. The key to maintaining native forest is preventing catastrophic fire, as several introduced trees and shrubs would be favored over native dominant trees in recolonization. Deer undoubtedly interact with both native and introduced trees and shrubs, but their net effect on native forest is not yet clear, and specific management of deer beyond the current hunting by staff is unwarranted, at least if preventing tree invasion is the goal. The steep terrain and shallow soil make the recently arrived boar a grave threat to the native forest. Eradication is probably feasible and should be attempted quickly.     

Connectivity Planning to Address Climate Change

As the climate changes, human land use may impede species from tracking areas with suitable climates. Maintaining connectivity between areas of different temperatures could allow organisms to move along temperature gradients and allow species to continue to occupy the same temperature space as the climate warms. We used a coarse‐filter approach to identify broad corridors for movement between areas where human influence is low while simultaneously routing the corridors along present‐day spatial gradients of temperature. We modified a cost–distance algorithm to model these corridors and tested the model with data on current land‐use and climate patterns in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The resulting maps identified a network of patches and corridors across which species may move as climates change. The corridors are likely to be robust to uncertainty in the magnitude and direction of future climate change because they are derived from gradients and land‐use patterns. The assumptions we applied in our model simplified the stability of temperature gradients and species responses to climate change and land use, but the model is flexible enough to be tailored to specific regions by incorporating other climate variables or movement costs. When used at appropriate resolutions, our approach may be of value to local, regional, and continental conservation initiatives seeking to promote species movements in a changing climate. Planificación de Conectividad para Atender el Cambio Climático     

平潭岛海岛旅游资源开发战略研究

在借鉴典型海岛国家与地区发展海岛旅游经验的基础上,分析了平潭岛海岛旅游资源的基本特征及其分布情况,开发平潭岛海岛旅游资源的优势与存在的问题,旨在为平潭岛海岛旅游资源的科学开发提供参考与建议。